Transition from fossil-fuel to renewable-energy-based smallholder bioeconomy: Techno-economic analyses of two oil palm production systems
Oil palm is the largest source of livelihoods and vegetable oil consumption to massagers-small most rural households of developing economies in Asia, Africa, and South America.The heavy reliance on fossil-fuel-based energy in palm oil production raises national concerns about reducing carbon emissions and achieving Nationally Determined Contributio